INTRODUCTION
Our research team at the GIGA
We are a team of three researchers at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Hamburg, originally from three different countries : India, Germany, and Thailand. Our expertise combines digital politics and civil society with autocratization in South and Southeast Asia.
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Janjira Sombatpoonsiri
Dr. Janjira Sombatpoonsiri is a Research Fellow at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) and an Assistant Professor at Thailand’s Chulalongkorn University.

At the GIGA, she is a co-Principal Investigator in the project on governments' weaponisation of anti-fake news laws against civil society from which this tracker is drawn. In Thailand, she heads the Monitoring Centre on Digital Politics and Conflicts (MC-Digit) which is presently researching influence operations and conflict narratives in Southeast Asia.

She has extensively researched civil resistance, protest movements, digital repression, and online propaganda in autocracies. She is the author of Humor and Nonviolent Struggle (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2015), currently working on a book manuscript on digital repression and its impact on pro-democracy movements in Thailand. Her academic articles appear in several academic journals, including the Journal of Contemporary Asia, the Journal of Peace Research, and recently the International Journal of Communication.

She is a member of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace’s Digital Democracy Network and a regional manager for the Digital Society Project.
  • Civil resistance
  • Civic activism and protest movement
  • Digital repression in autocracies
  • Digital propaganda
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Sangeeta Mahapatra
Dr. Sangeeta Mahapatra is a Research Fellow at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA).

At the GIGA, she is a co-Principal Investigator in the project on governments' weaponisation of anti-fakenews laws against civil society on which this tracker is drawn. She has been the Principal Investigator in a project on digital surveillance and its chilling effect on journalists. She has been a GIGA India Fellow researching on the social media strategies of Indian political parties. She is also part of the GIGA's Digital Transformation Lab (DigiTraL) team leading the research on global AI governance frameworks and cyber resilience as part of cyber statecraft and diplomacy.

As a former Fulbright Fellow, Global South Network Fellow, and the Executive Editor of a pan-India magazine, Business Economics, she has researched extensively on political communications and participation, disinformation and propaganda, online radicalisation, political violence, and civic peace interventions in South and West Asia. Her policy and academic works have been cited by Time Magazine, the BBC, DW News, HuffPost, and Al Jazeera.

  • Digital Politics
  • Digital Authoritarianism
  • Disinformation and Counter-Disinformation
  • Online Radicalisation
  • AI and Internet Governance
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Andreas Ufen
PD Dr. Andreas Ufen is a Senior Research Fellow at the GIGA Institute of Asian Studies in Hamburg and an Adjunct Professor for political science at the University of Hamburg.

He has studied political science at the Free University of Berlin and wrote his doctoral dissertation and his habilitation thesis at the University of Hamburg. His main interests are democratization and autocratization, political parties, populism, elections, political Islam, civil society, and digital repression in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia and Indonesia. He is also editor of the SSCI-ranked Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. He has published books on democratization in Indonesia and on the Malaysian party system, co-edited books on “Democratization in Post-Suharto Indonesia” and on “Party Politics in Southeast Asia: Clientelism and Electoral Competition in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines” and articles in journals such as Democratization, Pacific Review, Pacific Affairs, Critical Asian Studies, Asian Survey, Contemporary Politics, and South East Asia Research.
  • Democratisation in Indonesia and Malaysia
  • Anti-Fake News Laws in Indonesia and Malaysia
  • Political parties in Southeast Asia
  • Populism in Southeast Asia
  • Civil society in Indonesia and Malaysia
  • Foreign policy of Indonesia
3
Researchers
Other Team Members
The other team members include one project coordinator and research assistants who have experience in data and social sciences, law, and civil society advocacy and outreach.
The project coordinator is Wira Atmaja who has academic and civil society work experience. The team was supported by computational data scientist Yash Vekaria and research assistants from academia and rights-based organisations. They are Passkorn Yeenang, Valerie Nuval, Lidia Bilali, Deepanjan Sen Gupta, Saaud Bin Mushtaq, Teuku Harza Mauladi, and Albert J. Rapha.
SUPPORTED BY
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German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA)
The GIGA, an academic research institution based in Hamburg, works with perspectives, concepts, and experiences from different world regions. It stands for research that is global in content, reach, and structure. As a member of the Leibniz Association, the GIGA is committed to the Leibniz principle of “theoria cum praxi”: science for the benefit of society. With its global approach, the GIGA combines in-depth area expertise and cutting-edge comparative methods, to examine research themes of accountability and participation, peace and security, globalisation and development, and global orders and foreign policies. The GIGA actively engages with academic, political, and societal stakeholders in Germany, at the European and international levels, and in the regions of the Global South. Research-based policy exchange and knowledge transfer are essential elements of the GIGA's mandate.
INTRODUCTION
Local partners
Our project cannot be where it is without the support from our partners in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines.

Our local partners including the Bangladesh-based Digitally Right Limited, India-based Confluence Media, Indonesia-based SAFEnet, Malaysia-based Penang Institute, the Philippines-based Vera Files, and Thailand-based Institute of Asian Studies of Chulalongkorn University, have been documenting cases of disinformation and digital repression and conducting workshops for journalists and activists.

Along with the GIGA, they have provided support in terms of data collection and workshops, as well as interviews with local legal experts, digital platform officials, and impacted civil society actors.
About AFNL tracker
01
What?
The tracker shows patterns of how governments weaponise laws meant to counter disinformation and fake news to instead stifle civil society actors, such as journalists, academics and activists. The tracker contains: (1) statistical data of legal charges filed against these actors between 2018 and 2023 in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines; and (2) descriptive stories of selected individuals that show case not only detrimental effects of this judicial harassment but also their resilience. Through this tracker, you can also follow updates about our project, related events, and publications.
02
How?
Using this tracker is very easy! If you are interested in the statistic data regarding patterns of anti-fakenews lawfare in the six countries, just click "Database" in the home page. You will be taken to the dashboard which visualise key findings of our research. What's more, you can select and filter specific sets of data for visualisation.

If you are interested in stories of AFNL targets, please click "Stories" in the home page. You will be taken to the page that displays stories of AFNL targets in each country.

The access to most of our publications is free of charge. However, if you are interested our handbook on pushback strategies, we encourage you to register for the access (through "signup" on the top of your right).
Anti-Fake News Lawfare (AFNL)
undermines civil society rights and press freedom
Explore the trends and patterns of AFNL and the first-hand experiences of its targets in South and Southeast Asia.
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